剑雨（全文在线阅读）>
剑雨Multiple Chinese universities raise gaokao score requirements for arts admissions_我的网站
一 | 在普京再次当选后的新“内阁”中，最大变化莫过于国防部长的更换： 绍伊古被换，安德烈·别洛乌索夫成为为新任国防部长，绍伊古被任命为安全会议秘书，并负责俄军事技术合作局的工作，同时担任俄军工委员会副主席。我们也注意到，普京在新任期首次出访中，绍伊古和别洛乌索夫均在访华的随行人员名单之内。  Even during summer break, changes to the admissions policy at the Communication University of China (CUC) have sparked heated discussions among students, with the reform becoming a hot topic on campus and on social media. Amid heated debate over China's top media and arts school's admission reform, eight majors, including radio and television directing and theater directing, will no longer require separate arts exams and will instead admit students based solely on gaokao (the national college entrance exam) scores starting next year. China's art college entrance examination, known as yikao, is a special admission pathway for students applying to arts-related majors. Applicants take both the gaokao and professional tests in areas such as fine arts, music, dance, acting, broadcasting and directing. Compared with many other university programs, art majors have traditionally placed less emphasis on gaokao scores and more on candidates' professional abilities and artistic potential. "As one of China's most influential universities for media education, CUC's reform is seen as having broader implications," Xiong Bingqi, president of the 21st Century Education Research Institute and vice president of the China Association of College Newspapers, told the Global Times. In his view, future arts admissions are likely to place greater emphasis on students' cultural literacy, professional interests and long-term potential.  Beyond the 'shortcut' CUC's move reflects a broader trend among Chinese arts universities. In recent years, institutions such as Nanjing University of the Arts and Henan Academy of Fine Arts have reduced the number of majors requiring school-based exams on their specific art subjects, placing greater emphasis on academic performance and provincial-level arts examinations. The changes reflect a broader trend in China's arts education admissions system, where universities have increasingly emphasized students' cultural foundation alongside their artistic abilities. "CUC's latest adjustment reflects a broader trend in arts education reform, with some arts-related majors beginning to admit students based on their gaokao scores rather than separate professional examinations," Xiong told the Global Times. According to Xiong, one of the key goals of the reform is to address the utilitarian mindset among some students and parents who view arts admissions as a "shortcut to college." In the past, some arts programs had relatively lower requirements for cultural scores, prompting some students with weaker academic performance to turn to arts exams and enroll in professional training programs during high school. As a result, arts admissions were sometimes seen not as a choice driven by genuine artistic interest or career aspirations, but as an alternative pathway to enter universities. "The cooling of arts exam fever, to me, is a good thing for arts education and talent cultivation," Xiong said. "By admitting eight majors directly based on cultural scores, CUC is effectively removing the stepping stone of the 'shortcut to college,' allowing more students with genuine artistic interests and professional ambitions to enter these fields." For students, the reform has directly changed how they prepare for university and make academic choices. "The changes have created more pathways for students interested in media-related fields," a junior arts management student surnamed Wang at CUC, told the Global Times. Wang recalled that many students around her began preparing for arts exams as early as their sophomore year of high school and later traveled to cities where their target universities were located for intensive training. As some media-related majors shift to cultural-score-based admissions, more students who did not take the arts exam but have a genuine interest in the media field may gain opportunities to enter these programs, she said. Rethinking media talent Beyond changing how students enter arts majors, the reform has also sparked discussion over how universities should train future media professionals. A CUC sophomore student surnamed Wei from the School of Theater, Film and Television told the Global Times that one challenge after scrapping arts exams for some majors is how to support students who enter without systematic professional training. "Students who previously prepared for arts exams often developed basic skills in audiovisual language and practical experience before entering university. Those admitted based on gaokao scores may need stronger professional guidance and more opportunities for practice," Wei said. In addition to individual student development, the reform has also prompted discussions over what qualities future media professionals should possess. Kai Zhu, a drama education instructor at a leading high school in Beijing, told the Global Times that an overemphasis on exam-oriented training in media arts education had previously led some programs to focus on templates and techniques while neglecting core competencies. "If media arts become a low-score pathway to university, the professional nature of the field will become blurred, and the industry may face a shortage of well-rounded talent," Kai said. CUC's reform signals a shift toward selecting media talent with both cultural depth and professional skills. "Creative fields such as screenwriting and filmmaking are not built on technical skills alone; they require an understanding of society, humanity and history," he said. "Cultural accumulation determines the depth and vision of creative works." The reform is therefore not merely about changing the way students enter arts programs. Ultimately, it is about what kind of creators media and arts programs hope to nurture: not only those equipped with professional skills, but those who can think deeply, understand society and transform their cultural knowledge into meaningful works, he noted. Wang Wenpei contributed to this story. 。 如果对这件事进行评价，我认为绍伊古被换是在特殊环境下的例行变动，是意料之中的意外。 正如我在文章《俄乌冲突两周年：换帅与不换帅背后的玄机》一文中表达的观点：在战争过程中对将帅进行更换，是非常寻常的事情。然而，“换将”和“换帅”还是有所差别的。
二 | 一般来说，对某个作战方向、战役集群或者军兵种的指挥官的更换，可以统称为“换将”，而对统帅部及其办事机关的成员，如国防部长、总司令，总参谋长的更换，可称之为“换帅”。
三 | 在俄乌冲突正在进行中的背景下，我们可以看到俄罗斯对换帅还是相对谨慎的，在前两年主要是“换将”，也就是两度更换“特别军事行动总指挥”，而国防部长绍伊古和总参谋长格拉西莫夫职位一直很稳定，与普京以下构成指挥“特别军事行动”的铁三角。在这个过程中，也出现了一些波折，如格拉西莫夫数度“被消失”，绍伊古据称在瓦格纳事件中负有责任等，很多人也为这两位重要任务捏了一把汗。 有人也可能将俄乌两国的“换帅”相对比，有乌克兰同时换掉总司令和总参谋长在先。
四 | 然而我们可以看到两者之间最大的区别是：乌是“换了也就换了”，俄是“换了另有任用”，绍伊古被任命为另外一个关键的职位，且继续负责军工和军事技术领域的工作，可以说是“履新”兼“顾旧”。 如果我们将时间轴线拉长一些会发现，俄罗斯历任国防部长的任命还是有一些规律可循： 1、叶利钦时代任命的国防部长全部为军职，还包括苏联时代就身居要职的罗季奥诺夫和俄罗斯唯一的元帅谢尔盖耶夫；而普京正式就任总统后谢尔盖耶夫去职，进入文职国防部长时代，而绍伊古过往履历和军队无关，即便“民转军”，也并非真正意义上的军人，所以普京时代总体上更倾向于文职国防部长； 2、普京时代的四位国防部长中，有三位和俄联邦安全会议秘书、第一副总理的职位之间互有交换，其中普京的首任国防部长伊万诺夫先后担任俄联邦安全会议秘书、国防部长和第一副总理； 综上所述，普京时代倾向于国防部长文职化，以及国防部长和俄联邦安全秘书，第一副总理之间的职位互换的传统，绍伊古的职位变动也实属正常，是符合普京总统的“用人风格”的。 回望历史，展望未来。
五 | 我们可以看到绍伊古卸任国防部长，改任俄联邦安全会议秘书，并非意味着“降职”，或者不受重用，相反还有可能被普京总统赋予更高期望，是“加担子”的标志。 首先，俄联邦安全会议秘书职位非常重要。
六 | 很多的职位，从字面看起来很小，实际上是很高的职位，例如俄罗斯的联邦安全会议秘书，美国的总统国家安全事务助理，虽然名为“秘书”和“助理”，却是国家安全领域和外事领域的重要领导人，且受到总统的高度信任。 具体到俄罗斯而言，普京即是俄联邦安全会议秘书出身，该职位既是国家安全委员会的常任成员，又负责主持安委会的日常工作，在国家安全领域甚至要高于国防部长的地位，而第一副总理压根就不是安委会的成员。 再回到绍伊古，我们可以看到他在担任俄联邦安全会议秘书，负责总体安全事务管理的同时，又被明确负责管理军事技术合作局，且担任军工委员会副主席，可以说在历任“秘书”中都可能是绝无仅有的存在。
七 | 同时我们也注意到别洛乌索夫从第一副总理改任国防部长，也并非是“降职”，因为俄罗斯实行的是半总统制政体，总理管理的部门是有限的，国防部长直接对总统负责，既然总理都管不到国防部长，那第一副总理显然更管不到，刚才也说过在国家安委会中，第一副总理并不是成员，但国防部长是成员，而且也是分量很重的成员。 在《俄乌冲突两周年：换帅与不换帅背后的玄机》一文中我也曾提到过，俄罗斯的军事管理体制很大意义上承袭了原苏联，在管理权限的维度国防部长是可以节制总参谋长的，因为总参谋长是国防部第一副部长，只是在军队训练和军事行动具体指挥上是以总参谋长为主，所以在俄罗斯历史上出现过国防部长谢尔盖耶夫元帅和总参谋长克瓦什宁大将之争，这也是谢尔盖耶夫辞职的一个重要原因。 所以联邦安全会议秘书、第一副总理、国防部长甚至总参谋长，彼此之间并不是或者并不完全是同一领域，同一条线的上下级关系，汇报关系也是彼此交叉的。 最后，借着绍伊古被换这件事，我还想讨论下普京在新的任期内所作出的人事调整背后的逻辑。 本轮的人事调整，除普京本人的用人之道外，最大的背景还是正在进行中的俄乌冲突。
八 | 当“特别军事行动”开展超过两年后，如何在战场上有所作为，挖掘战争潜力，支持长期战事，同时确保国家经济领域的正常运转以及改善不利的外部环境是一个需要“抬头仰望，低头思索”的至关重要的问题。 在这种背景和逻辑下，格拉西莫夫留任有助于在俄乌战事中有所作为，因为此君职业军人出身，在俄军各层级担任过领导职务，特别是在俄乌冲突的后半段兼任“特别军事行动”总指挥，可以说既是统帅部成员，也是前线总指挥，熟悉战场环境，也最有可能深入掌握过去两年多的战场得失。 别洛乌索夫从第一副总理转任国防部长，是因为他是经济领域的专家和核心领导人，支持长期的战事必须依赖强大的经济资源的支撑，战争潜力的背后就是经济，此项人事调整有助于在“前方呼唤火力”和“后方提供弹药支持”之间顺畅衔接。 绍伊古改任联邦安全会议秘书以及拉夫罗夫留任，则是利用两人丰富的资历和经验，统筹好总体国家安全领域的管理，特别是外部环境的改善，因为国家安全领域和外事领域天然就是一家。 所以说，此番人事调整是“一盘大棋”，绍伊古被换只是其中的一个环节，既让人感到些许意外，其实也在意料之中。 Current article:http://7zdpme7.sunaichitikouchua.bond/list_2zesou/msc4.html Published on:00:00:00 |
